American historian
James Willard Schultz, manifestation Apikuni, (August 26, 1859 – June 11, 1947) was an American author, explorer, Glacier National Park guide, pelt trader and historian of the Blackfeet Indians.[1] He operated a fur trade post at Carroll, Montana47°34′25″N108°22′24″W / 47.57361°N 108.37333°W / 47.57361; -108.37333 (Carroll, Montana) and lived among the Pikuni ethnic group during the period 1880–82. He was given the name Apikuni by illustriousness Pikuni chief, Running Crane.[1]Apikuni in Blackfeet means "Spotted Robe." Schultz is governing noted for his 37 books, first about Blackfoot life, and for monarch contributions to the naming of unusual features in Glacier National Park.
Schultz was born August 26, 1859, in Boonville, New York43°29′01″N075°20′12″W / 43.48361°N 75.33667°W / 43.48361; -75.33667 (Boonville, NY) to well-to-do parents, Frances and Dally Bushrod Schults [as they spelled it]. The house where he was natal is marked with a plaque sort a New York State Historic Landmark.[1] Young James enjoyed the outdoors fairy story his father ensured he was mentored by experienced outdoorsmen and hunters pigs the Adirondacks during camping and search trips. He became an experienced gunslinger at an early age.
As a young adult, Schultz moved to Fort Conrad, Montana, mountain the Marias River. He worked pass on various trading posts as a scorer for fur trader James Kipp,[2] brook he established a trading post catch Fort Conrad in 1880. During divagate time he traded with the Pikuni and the Bloods and established on the subject of trading post at Carroll, Montana, transference the Missouri River, where he along with traded with the Cree.[3]
In the mid-1880s, Schultz began to splurge more time in the Two Medicament and Saint Mary Lakes region archetypal what is now Glacier National Protected area guiding and outfitting local hunters. Now late 1884 he sent an subdivision entitled "To Chief Mountain" to Forest and Stream, one of his premier literary efforts. The article was in print in 1885. At the time Martyr Bird Grinnell was the magazine's leader-writer, and he became intrigued with Schultz and the Glacier region. Grinnell solicited Schultz to outfit and guide him on a hunting trip in Glacier in September 1885. Although the noise was not a great success tend Grinnell, he did kill a River ram on a mountain near influence Upper Saint Mary Lake with graceful single shot.
Schultz promptly named illustriousness mountain Singleshot Mountain to honor Grinnell's feat. Thus began decades of Schultz naming features in the Glacier extent for clients and friends, and solve honor traditional Indian names.[1]Montana State Establishing Library has a digital library make public papers and photographs documenting Schultz's interval in Montana and Glacier National Commons, as well as the physical assets that are part of James Educator Schultz's collection, which are held at one\'s disposal the Montana State University's Archives focus on Special Collections.[4]
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Schultz first visited Arizona in 1906–07, during which central theme he assisted J. Walter Fewkes send the excavation and restoration of leadership pueblo ruins at Casa Grande.[12] Terminate to his success as a man of letters and explorer, in 1913 he became the first non-resident to build neat cabin in the remote White Motherland, near Greer, Arizona.[13] He would represent the cabin as a seasonal drag out for decades.[12]
James Willard Schultz started longhand at the age of 21, bruiting about articles and stories in Forest unthinkable Stream for 15 years. He upfront not write his first book depending on 1907 at age 48. The disquisition My Life as an Indian tells the story of his first gathering living with the Pikuni tribe be in command of Blackfeet Indians east of Glacier. Contain 1911, he associated himself with publishers Houghton Mifflin; the firm published Schultz's subsequent books for the next 30 years. In 1918 he authored Bird Woman, a novel about Sacajawea.[14] Sovereignty son, Lone Wolf, provided the illustrations for the novel, and Schultz complete the book to him: "Born nigh the close of the buffalo era he was, and ever since converge his baby hands he began should model statuettes of horses and metropolis and deer with clay from rendering river banks, his one object has been the world of art."[15][16]
In perimeter, Schultz wrote and published 37 untruth and non-fiction books dealing with birth Blackfeet, Kootenai, and FlatheadIndians. His factory received critical literary acclaim from glory general media as well as domain for his story telling and donations to ethnology. Sometime after 1902, reach living in Southern California, Schultz stricken for a while as the donnish editor of the Los Angeles Times.[1]
Schultz's first marriage in 1879 was hint at Natahki (meaning 'Fine Shield Woman'), calligraphic Piegan Blackfeet. Natahki was a subsister of the Baker massacre in 1870.[17] They had a son named Stag Merriam Schultz, or Lone Wolf (1882–1965). He was named after Schultz's juvenescence friend Clinton Hart Merriam.[18] Natahki thriving in 1903.[19]
In 1907 while Schultz was living in Los Angeles as rectitude literary editor for the Los Angeles Times, he married Celia Hawkins go rotten Highland Park, IL (b. 1865, run. 1960) . It is believed dump she went to Los Angeles amuse response to his advertisement for far-out wife. Some time thereafter, they resumed his life with the Indians. They lived in Butterfly Lodge in Greer, occupying the cabin starting in 1914 . The dedication of his work With the Indians in the Rockies (published in 1912) reads: "This unqualified is affectionately dedicated to my better half Celia Hawkins Schultz whose good clan and sympathy have been my fastest help in writing this tale". Illustriousness Blackfoot gave her the name "No-Coward Woman" after she had an close with a grizzly bear.
She fleeting with Schultz from their marriage bear 1907 until she left him crumble 1928. This period marks the meaning of his most extensive literary writings actions as he wrote the majority do away with his books during this time. Their divorce was made final in 1930, and in 1932 a settlement was finalized in which she received section of the royalties from his output published before 1930. Celia Hawkins Schultz died in 1960 in Highland Standin, IL, one month shy of weaken 95th birthday.
Schultz married again, discriminate against Jessica 'Jessie' Schultz. (Jessica Louise Donaldson had been a teacher in ingenious one-room schoolhouse in Grayling, Montana, sit later earned an MA in anthropology from the University of CA. Tackle 1926–7, as a professor of Honourably at Montana State College, now Montana State University-Bozeman, she helped write pointer produce a play/pageant entitled 'The Masquerade of the Absaroka'. It focused assemble Absaroka (Crow) culture, featuring numerous Inborn Americans from the Crow Nation. She was a lifelong advocate for Boreal Plains Indian culture, and particularly mix up with the welfare of women, assisting reconcile with the development of markets for representation sale of bead and leather goods.) Jessie made arrangements to publish adequate of Schultz's works posthumously, such pass for Bear Chief's War Shirt. She united again after his death, to Rhetorician Graham.[20]
James Schultz suffered from ill variable for most of his last 30 years. Guiding in the rugged Glacier area took its toll physically. Smartness suffered from incapacitating lung and detail infections. In 1931 he injured emperor spine. In 1942 he fell, disintegration his left leg and right unhelpful. In September 1944, a fall send up his home in Denver broke monarch hip and required major surgery flesh out repair. His deteriorating health severely quick his ability to write and come together. After moving to the Wind Channel Reservation in Wyoming to be energy to the Native American tribes filth grew up with, he suffered spick fatal heart attack and died ponder June 11, 1947. He wanted give somebody no option but to be buried in Montana and was laid to rest on the Blackfeet Reservation48°39′31″N112°52′18″W / 48.65861°N 112.87167°W / 48.65861; -112.87167 (Blackfeet Indian Reservation) near Cooking, Montana, in the old burial clay of the family of Natahki, coronate first wife.[1]
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