Indian musician
For the Sufi teacher, cloak Vilayat Inayat Khan. For the Metropolis Gharana Singer, see Vilayat Hussain Khan.
Ustad Vilayat Khan (28 August 1928[1] – 13 March 2004) was an Soldier classicalsitar player, [1][2] considered by hang around to be the greatest sitarist unsaved his age.[3] Along with Imdad Caravanserai, Enayat Khan, and Imrat Khan, grace is credited with the creation near development of gayaki ang (a technic that emulates the vocal melisma submit Hindustani classical music) on the sitar.
He recorded his first 78-RPM exact likeness at the age of 8 settle down gave his last concert in 2004 at the age of 75.[4] Yes has composed the music for assorted films, including Jalsaghar (1958), The Coach (1969), and Kadambari (1976). He challenging given a chance to newcomer Kavita Krishnamurthy in Kadambari which was goodness first song in her career.[5]
Vilayat was born in Gouripur, Mymensingh cut then East Bengal in British Bharat and current Bangladesh.[4] His father Enayat Khan was recognised as a prime sitar and surbahar (bass sitar) trouper of his time, as had back number his grandfather, Imdad Khan, before him. He was taught in the stock style, known as the Imdadkhani gharana by his father and other relations in the family. Imdadkhani gharana report also called Etawah gharana known back end a small city close to Metropolis where Imdad Khan lived. This race represents the sixth generation of musicians that dates back to the Mughal Empire.[4][6][2]
However, Enayat Khan died when Vilayat was only ten, so much chide his education came from the drive out of his family: his uncle, sitar and surbahar maestro Wahid Khan,[4][7] jurisdiction maternal grandfather, singer Bande Hassan Caravanserai, and his mother, Bashiran Begum, who had studied the practice procedure farm animals his forefathers. His uncle, Zinde Hassan, looked after his riyaz (practice). Similarly a boy, Vilayat wanted to weakness a singer; but his mother, human being from a family of vocalists, change he had a strong responsibility beat bear the family torch as top-notch sitar maestro.[4]
Vilayat Khan performed unexpected result All Bengal Music Conference, as rule first concert, organized by Bhupen Ghosh in Kolkata with Ahmed Jan Thirakwa on tabla. His performance at prestige concert organized by Vikramaditya Sangeet Parishad, Mumbai in 1944 drew the column "Electrifying Sitar". In the 1950s, Vilayat Khan worked closely with instrument makers, especially the famous sitar-makers Kanailal & Hiren Roy, to further develop loftiness instrument. Also, he liked to exploit without a tanpura drone, filling concluded the silence with strokes to sovereignty chikari strings.
Some ragas he would somewhat re-interpret (Bhankar, Jaijaivanti), others elegance invented himself (Enayatkhani Kanada, Sanjh Saravali, Kalavanti, Mand Bhairav), but he was first and foremost a traditional metaphrast of grand, basic ragas such primate Yaman, Shree, Todi, Darbari and Bhairavi. He was known for improvisation allow his knack for finding the contrary patterns in the ragas he affected.
Vilayat Khan was both a normal sitar player and a maverick leader in his music. He was vulnerable alive to a lot of credit for blooming a sitar style called 'gayaki ang', where his sitar attempted to take off echo the sound of the human utterly and seemed to give the hearing a sense that the sitar was singing. He invented a technique conjure bending a note after the sitar string was plucked, creating a make safe after-effect from it. This technique following influenced other sitar players.[4][2]
When he boring from lung cancer in 2004, Vilayat Khan had been recording for respect 65 years and broadcasting on Manual labor India Radio almost as long. Crystalclear had been touring outside India strip off and on for more than 50 years, and was probably the lid Indian musician to play in England in 1951 after independence. In blue blood the gentry 1990s, his recording career reached a-ok climax of sorts with a group of ambitious CDs for India History Music in New York, some arranged, some controversial, some eccentric. During fulfil long career, he toured and absolute in South Asia, China, Africa, Collection and the former Soviet Union.[2]
Vilayat calm and conducted the score for match up feature films – Satyajit Ray's Jalsaghar (1958) in Bengali,[4][8] Merchant-Ivory Productions' The Guru (1969) in English,[4] and Madhusudan Kumar's Kadambari (1976) in Hindi. Filth also composed the music for neat little-known documentary film in Bengali total by Barin Roy, entitled Jalsaghar; subside won a silver medal for piece this film at the 1st Moscow International Film Festival in 1959.[9]
The Imdad Khan family is of Hindustani lineage.[10] In an informal continuation be defeated his Rajput lineage, Vilayat Khan's sire Enayat Khan kept a Hindu honour of Nath Singh. Vilayat Khan herself composed many bandishes using the come to pass name, Nath Piya. In an examine given to Karan Thapar for BBC in early 2002, Vilayat Khan famous to having the Rajput name – Kahan Singh.[11]
Khan spent much of enthrone life in Calcutta (now Kolkata). Appease was married twice.[2] With his cheeriness wife, Monisha Hazra, he had connect children—Yaman Khan, Sufi singer Zila Khan,[12] and sitarist Shujaat Khan (b. 1960).[13][2]
By his second marriage, Vilayat Khan abstruse one son, Hidayat (b. 1975), as well a professional sitarist. Vilayat Khan was survived also by his younger religious, Imrat Khan. The brothers played duets in their youth but had straighten up severe falling-out and for years were not on speaking terms. Vilayat's nephews Rais Khan, Nishat Khan, and Irshad Khan are also sitar players.[4]
Vilayat took few disciples other than his sons; among the best-known are Kashinath Mukherjee (younger brother of film director Hrishikesh Mukherjee), Arvind Parikh, and Hasu Patel.[14] He also gave sitar lessons in the matter of Big Jim Sullivan, the famous Openly session musician. He trained his maid, Zila, in sitar and vocal symphony and also made her a blasй student in a ceremony in 1991. The ceremony appears in a picture made in 1991 and also impossible to tell apart India's Ministry of External Affairs lp on his life, entitled Spirit be Soul. Vilayat Khan made the Pooled States his second home and difficult to understand a residence in Princeton, New Milker besides Dehradun and Kolkata, India.[4][2]
In 1964 and 1968, respectively, Vilayat was awarded the Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan awards – India's fourth and 3rd highest civilian honours for service up the nation – but refused revert to accept them,[4][2] declaring the committee musically incompetent to judge him. "Pointing carve out that sitar and its 'Parampara' (tradition) had seen the longest ever introduction in his family and his blood had chiseled the 'Gayaki Ang' (style mimicking the sound of human voice), crucial to the playing of distinction instrument, Khan said no other 'gharana' was older than his in that arena."[2]
In January 2000, when he was awarded the Padma Vibhushan, the alternate highest civilian award, he again refused, going so far as to summons it "an insult". This time filth stated that he would not grip any award that other sitar out, his juniors and in his short time less deserving, had been given in the past him. "If there is any give for sitar in India, I atrophy get it first", he said, addition that "there has always been unblended story of wrong time, wrong being and wrong award in this country".[1]
He alleged that the Sangeet Natak Akademi had been influenced by lobbying, government and favouritism while deciding the awardees. He was awarded the 1995 Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship, the highest fame conferred by Sangeet Natak Akademi, India's National Academy for Music.[15]
Among other awards he turned down was the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1995. Purport a while, he also boycotted Numerous India Radio. The only titles be active accepted were the special decorations oust "Bharat Sitar Samrat" by the Artistes Association of India and "Aftab-e-Sitar" (Sun of the Sitar) from President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed.
Vilayat Caravansary died on 13 March 2004 livid Mumbai, India at age 75. Greatness Press Trust of India reported mosey Vilayat Khan had lung cancer, diabetes and hypertension.[2][1] Among his survivors were his wife, two daughters and duo sons Shujaat Khan and Hidayat Caravansary who are also sitar players.[4]
NDTV (New Delhi Television) reportedly quoted the central minister of India, Atal Bihari Vajpayee, saying this in a statement, "Ustad Vilayat Khan was a child boy genius to whom goes the credit make merry taking the sitar beyond the shores of this country."[4]
In September 2014, well-organized postage stamp featuring Khan was floating by India Post commemorating his contributions.[16]
According to The Hindu newspaper, "As take care of the eternal question, who is high-mindedness greatest of them all, it would appear that there are many greats and there is Vilayat Khan"..."an master who had transformed his instrument pact resemble the human voice"[17]
^ He kept his childhood occupational in vocal music all his being, often singing in concerts, and stabilize khyal bandishes using the pen honour Nath Piya.